Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
4353318 | Progress in Neurobiology | 2015 | 21 Pages |
Abstract
Hypoxia is a major stress to the fetal development and may result in irreversible injury in the developing brain, increased risk of central nervous system (CNS) malformations in the neonatal brain and long-term neurological complications in offspring. Current evidence indicates that epigenetic mechanisms may contribute to the development of hypoxic/ischemic-sensitive phenotype in the developing brain in response to fetal stress. However, the causative cellular and molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In the present review, we summarize the recent findings of epigenetic mechanisms in the development of the brain and their roles in fetal hypoxia-induced brain developmental malformations. Specifically, we focus on DNA methylation and active demethylation, histone modifications and microRNAs in the regulation of neuronal and vascular developmental plasticity, which may play a role in fetal stress-induced epigenetic programming of hypoxic/ischemic-sensitive phenotype in the developing brain.
Keywords
MLLCBPcAMP response binding proteinSVZMBD5hmCDnmtCREBVHLSAHAsirtuin 1HIEHREPRC2DNA methyltransferasesH3K4me3pri-miRNANgn2UHRF15caCHMTsDNA demethylationTDGprecursor miRNAFMRPSirt1HDACTSSTETGFAPNSCNMDA3′ untranslated region3′UTR5mC5-Methylcytosine5-hydroxymethylcytosine5-carboxylcytosineBDNFThymine DNA glycosylaseECsHIFsPeriventricular leucomalaciaPrimary miRNANPCsHypoxic-ischemic encephalopathySuberoylanilide hydroxamic acidReSTHistone modificationsPhDsmicroRNAsneural stem/progenitor cellEndothelial cellsNeural progenitor cellshypoxia response elementshypoxia-inducible factorsVascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)Brain-derived neurotrophic factorMixed lineage leukemiaDNA methylationPVLsubventricular zoneNeurogenin2histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylationhistone acetyltransferaseshistone deacetylasehistone methyltransferasesCREB binding proteinGlial fibrillary acidic proteinfragile X mental retardation proteinpre-miRNAHATsN-Methyl-d-aspartate receptorsglucocorticoid receptor
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Authors
Qingyi Ma, Lubo Zhang,