Autoimmune and inflammatory mechanisms of CNS damage

Brain morphology and function are susceptible to various psysiological influences, including changes in the immune system. Inflammation and autoimmunity are two principal immunological responses that can compromise the function of multiple organs and tissues, including the central nervous system. The present article reviews clinical and experimental evidence pointing to structural brain damage induced by chronic autoimmune and/or inflammatory processes. Largely due to the vast complexity of neuroendocrine and immune systems, most of the principal pathogenic circuits are far from elucidated. In addition to summarizing the current knowledge, this article aims to highlight the importance of interdisciplinary research and combined efforts of physicians and scientists in revealing the intricate links between immunity and mental health.

► We outline the principles of the neuro–immuno–endocrine network. ► We review recent clinical and experimental evidence pointing to chronic autoimmunity and inflammation as important factors in etiology of CNS damage in several disorders. ► We provide an unbiased review of clinical and experimental evidence pointing to chronic autoimmunity and inflammation as key factors in etiology of in several brain disorders.