Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
4353981 | Progress in Neurobiology | 2007 | 12 Pages |
Abstract
The lineages of both astrocytes and oligodendrocytes have been popular areas of research in the last decade. The source of these cells in the mature CNS is relevant to the study of the cellular response to CNS injury. A significant amount of evidence exists to suggest that resident precursor cells proliferate and differentiate into mature glial cells that facilitate tissue repair and recovery. Additionally, the re-entry of mature astrocytes into the cell cycle can also contribute to the pool of new astrocytes that are observed following CNS injury. In order to better understand the glial response to injury in the adult CNS we must revisit the astrocyte-oligodendrocyte relationship. Specifically, we argue that there is a common glial precursor cell from which astrocytes and oligodendrocytes differentiate and that the microenvironment surrounding the injury determines the fate of the stimulated precursor cell. Ideally, better understanding the origin of new glial cells in the injured CNS will facilitate the development of therapeutics targeted to alter the glial response in a beneficial way.
Keywords
GRPFGFMSCOPCEAENGFMPTPPSA-NCAMGDNFCNPasebHLHHSCNG2CXCR4SGZSVZPDGFSCLMAPCStromal-derived factor-1LIFoligodendrocyte-type 2 astrocyteCD44CNTFIL-6NSCSDF-1NT3GFAPGFP2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesteraseJAK/STATMAPKPI3K/AKTAdenosine TriphosphateATPAstrocytesCNS injuryexperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitisbasic helix-loop-helixGlial scarHyaluronic acidinterleukin-6BrdUTriiodothyronineShhStem cellHematopoietic stem cellNeuronal stem cellMesenchymal stem cellOligodendrocyte progenitor celldentate gyrussonic hedgehogleukemia inhibitory factorplatelet derived growth factornerve growth factorfibroblast growth factorciliary neurotrophic factorBMPventricular zonesubgranular zonesubventricular zoneMultiple sclerosisGlial fibrillary acidic proteingreen fluorescent proteinbone morphogenic proteinjanus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcriptionoligodendrocytes
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Authors
Jessica Carmen, Tim Magnus, Riccardo Cassiani-Ingoni, Larry Sherman, Mahendra S. Rao, Mark P. Mattson,