Adaptation Strategy Toward Urban Heat Island at Tropical Urban Area

In most developing countries, capital city has been facing environmental problem such as urbanization, in which infrastructure development has been very fast that replaced open space area. The objectives of the research were to analysis land use/land cover and surface temperature changes of Jakarta for the period of 2000 - 2012. Result showed that during 12 years, 49.7% of green open space was converted into other land uses, especially build-up areas. This caused the increase of surface temperature and created Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon in Jakarta. Almost all of Jakarta area has high surface temperature, however, some areas with green open space indicated has lower surface temperature. In comparison to build-up areas, surface temperature of green open space was lower of about 3.2°C. This fact revealed the effectiveness of urban forest in lowering surface temperature. Other mitigation action of UHI is an idea to reduce air stagnation of air masses by developing corridors that can throw and dilute air pollutants into the coastal and sea area.