Laboratory-scale Investigation of Two-phase Relative Permeability

We present experimental investigations of two-phase (oil and water) relative permeability of laboratory scale rock cores through a joint use of direct X-ray measurement and flow-through investigations. Experimental data embed key information relating relative permeability to observables. In this context, direct measurement of in-situ fluid saturation through X-Ray techniques has the unprecedented ability to characterize key processes occurring during the displacement of immiscible fluids through natural permeable materials. We illustrate the benefit of employing direct X-Ray measurements of fluid saturation through a set of laboratory experiments targeted to the estimate of two-phase relative permeabilities of homogeneous samples (sand pack and Berea sandston core). Data are obtained for a range of diverse fractional flow rates and provide information at saturations ranging from irreducible water content to residual oil saturation. Our X-Ray saturation data are consistent with an interpretation of measured relative permeabilities as associated with water-wet rock conditions. The comparison of different preamble samples result high displacement efficiency and recovery factor corresponds to the high permeable and well-connected pores.