Four angle model for the urban metabolism integrated analysis

This emergy-based four angle model application is used to depict the variations of urban metabolic profile (energy and money) based on the changes experienced across the economic sectors over the years. The urban metabolic structure and efficiency results obtained for Beijing are compared to those for other European cities. In addition, for the Beijing's case, the study creates the foundation for a future analysis comparing the development of Beijing with that of Rome. The results imply that over three decade Beijing's urbanizing movement has greatly promoted the sustained development of the real estate and growth of urban household. The results also indicate that the emergy-based four angle model can be refined to become an integrative tool for evaluation, policy-making and regulation for ecosystem management concerning structure and efficiency at urban levels.