Modelling the geoelectric and seismic reservoir response caused by carbon dioxide injection based on multiphase flow simulation: Results from the CO2SINK project

The synthetic time-lapse seismic reflection experiment was performed for the anticline used for CO2 storage. The geological model incorporates the structural framework, as determined from the seismic interpretation, and velocities derived from seismic processing and velocity logs. Common depth point (CDP) processing of synthetic shot gathers of a baseline and repeat experiment provided the data for a difference stack section exhibiting a CO2 induced time-lapse signature. Interpretation of the signature in conjunction with the underlying CO2 distribution has shown that lateral extent of the plume may be accurately detected. The vertical plume extent is concealed in the waveform coda and is unlikely to be retrievable from standard seismic processing.