2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid effects on nephrotoxicity in rats during late pregnancy and early postnatal periods

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is largely used as a selective herbicide in Tunisia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 2,4-D on the kidneys of adult rats and their suckling pups. Female Wistar rats were divided into two groups: the controls and the treated rats that received 600 mg/L of 2,4-D in their drinking water from the 14th day of pregnancy until day 14 after delivery.Exposure to 2,4-D induced nephrotoxicity as evidenced by an increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and protein carbonyl levels and a decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase in the kidneys of suckling pups and their mothers. In addition, a significant decline in kidney glutathione, non-protein thiol and vitamin C levels was also observed.Histological changes, seen in the kidney of mothers and their pups treated with 2,4-D are characterized by a narrowed Bowman’s space, tubular epithelial cells degeneration, widened tubular lumen and vascular congestion.

Graphical abstractFigure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload as PowerPoint slideHighlights► Residue of 2,4-D in the environment with potential toxicity against humans. ► Impairment of renal function was objectified by a decrease in creatinine clearance. ► Nephrotoxicity as evidenced by an increase in TBARS and PCO. ► Decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities in the kidneys of suckling pups and their mothers. ► 2,4-D provoked Histological changes, seen in the kidney of mothers and their pups.