Arsenic in soils and plants of woodland regenerated on an arsenic-contaminated substrate: A sustainable natural remediation?

Plant As accumulation at three As-polluted sites where spontaneous re-vegetation has taken place is examined. Each site had a different source of soil As (coal fly ash, LeBlanc process waste, canal dredging). Plant analysis indicates that soil–plant As transfer is poor at each site. Any mobile As is retained in root tissues, with little transfer to shoots. Bryophytes, pteridophytes, herbaceous and woody plants sampled at each site predominantly showed As concentrations of < 3 mg kg− 1 dry wt, whilst total soil As ranged between 50 and 220 mg kg− 1 dry wt. Risk associated with food chain transfer at these sites is low when compared to other routes such as direct ingestion/inhalation of As-contaminated particulates re-entrained from an unvegetated or unstable substrate.