| Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4436959 | Applied Geochemistry | 2010 | 18 Pages |
The objective of this study was to determine the sources of SO42- in groundwater of the Olkusz–Zawiercie Major Groundwater Body. The quality of groundwater was relatively good in the past, but fluctuations of the water table level have caused degradation of water quality. Variations in the water table level and the formation of the depression cone have resulted from both groundwater withdrawal and Zn–Pb mine dewatering. As a result within the extended vadose zone of the aquifer, weathering of pyrite and accompanying sulfides has taken place. Since 1992 the water table has risen and this process has been associated with an increase in concentrations of SO42-, Ca and Mg. At the same time, the pH has decreased and periodically high Fe concentrations have been detected. High concentrations of Mg and Sr have been observed and, since gypsum layers are known to be present, a de-dolomitisation process has been hypothesized. The PHREEQC program for Windows was used to estimate saturation indices for calcite, dolomite, gypsum and epsomite. Isotopic data for SO42- dissolved in the groundwater and archival data on isotopic composition of ore sulfides were used to solve the isotope balance equation and to estimate the fraction of dissolved SO42- that originated from pyrite oxidation and gypsum dissolution. The results have shown that dissolution of pyrite oxidation products has a significant influence on chemical composition of groundwater, especially in the southern part of the cone of depression. By solving the additional, combined mass transfer and isotope balance equations it was inferred that a variation in isotopic composition of weathered sulfides must also occur.
Research highlights► Groundwater table rebound in aquifer containing sulfide ore. ► Degradation of water quality causes by the significant increase in sulfate concentrations. ► Isotopic examinations of sulfate and sulfate concentrations along flow path. ► Sulfate concentrations as a result of binary mixing of sources (sulfide and evaporate). ► Changes in isotopic composition of sulfide in extended vadose zone.
