Binding pattern of the long acting neuraminidase inhibitor laninamivir towards influenza A subtypes H5N1 and pandemic H1N1

Influenza A H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses have broadly emerged and become widespread in various countries around the world. Oseltamivir, the most commonly used antiviral drug against the seasonal and pandemic influenza viruses, is targeted at the viral neuraminidase (NA), but some isolates of this virus have become highly resistant to this drug. The novel long-acting drug, laninamivir, was recently developed to inhibit influenza A and B viruses of either the wild-type (WT) or the oseltamivir resistant mutant of NA. To understand the high efficiency of laninamivir, all-atom molecular dynamics simulations were performed on the WT and H274Y mutant of H5N1 and pH1N1 NAs with laninamivir bound. As a result, the novel drug was found to directly interact with 11 binding residues mainly through salt bridge and hydrogen bond formation (as also seen by electrostatic contribution). These are comprised of 7 of the catalytic residues (R118, D151, R152, R224, E276, R292 and R371), and 4 of the framework residues (E119, W178, E227 and E277). Laninamivir showed a similar binding pattern to all four NAs, but strong hydrogen bonding interactions were only found in the WT strain, with a slightly lowered contribution at some drug contact residues being observed in the H274Y mutation. This is in good agreement with the experimental data that the H274Y mutant has a small increase (1.3–7.5-fold, which was not statistically significant) in the IC50 value of laninamivir.

Graphical abstractFigure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload high-quality image (190 K)Download as PowerPoint slideHighlights► The susceptibility of both wild-type and H274Y oseltamivir-resistant mutant of neuraminidase isolated from influenza A virus subtypes H5N1 and pH1N1 to laninamivir was investigated by means of molecular dynamics simulation. ► During 20-ns simulation, even if the residue 274 is mutated from histidine to tyrosine, the main interactions between laninamivir and neuraminidase enzyme are mostly conserved. ► Laninamivir can inhibit either wild-type or H274Y mutant of both H5N1 and pH1N1 viruses.