Numerical simulation of three-dimensional saltwater–freshwater fingering instabilities observed in a porous medium

We consider saltwater–freshwater fingering instabilities in a saturated porous medium. In the first part, we present three-dimensional results obtained from a laboratory experiment using non-invasive imaging. In the second part, we define a set of model problems in which the performed laboratory experiments can be ranged in. Due to its highly non-linear behavior and inevitable modeling errors, a detailed numerical reproduction of the physical concentration measurements cannot be expected. Nevertheless, four criteria have been identified, two quantitative and two qualitative, which facilitate a substantiated comparison of the physical experiment and the numerical simulation. With respect to these criteria a high degree of similarity could be observed. The use of these features allows a deeper understanding of the physical processes and the influence of the initial conditions.