Acid-leachable trace metals in sediments from an industrialized region (Ennore Creek) of Chennai City, SE coast of India: An approach towards regular monitoring

The article presents the results for enrichment of acid-leachable trace metals (ALTMs) from Ennore Creek in north Chennai, a metropolis on the southeast coast of India. ALTMs Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Co, Pb, Zn and Cd along with sediment texture, OC and CaCO3 were analyzed in surface sediments collected during two different seasons, pre-monsoon (PRM) and post-monsoon (POM) seasons to identify and observe the input of trace metals in the creek from various sources in the city limits. The most prominent feature of the ALTMs is the enrichment of Fe, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in the sediments, which is mainly attributed to the intense industrial activities around Chennai, and to the rapid industrialization policies. The ALTMs also indicate their association with the finer fractions, OC and Fe–Mn oxyhydroxides. The enrichment is very well supported by the correlation, grouping and clustering of ALTMs in statistical analysis. The differential behavior of ALTMs in POM season compared to PRM season is possibly due to the excess level of industrial effluents in the channel feeding Ennore Creek. Comparative results of ALTMs with other estuarine regions also indicate that the study area has been enriched with trace metals during the past two decades. The results of the present study suggest the need for a regular monitoring program which will help to improve the quality of Ennore Creek.