Screening for new accumulator plants in potential hazards elements polluted soil surrounding Peruvian mine tailings

•Unusual elevated concentrations of Pb and Translocation Factor greater than one were detected in six plants.•Cortaderia hapalotricha could be considered a Pb hyperaccumulator.•Ageratina sp. and Epilobium denticulatum could be Zn hyperaccumulator.•Shoot Accumulation Factor is not a reliable tool when the metal soil concentration is extremely high.

Tailings usually provide an unfavorable substrate for plant growth because of their multi-stress environment. Plants growing on naturally metal-enriched soils are of particular interest in this perspective, since they are genetically tolerant to high metal concentrations and have an excellent adaptation to extreme conditions. Soil and plant samples were taken in Peru, at a polymetallic mine (mainly Ag, Pb and Cu) in Cajamarca Province, Hualgayoc district. Top soils (0–20 cm) were analyzed for physical and chemical properties by standard methods. Total As, Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations in top soils were determined by ICP–OES. Similar metals in plants were analyzed separately (aerial and root system) by ICP–MS. Translocation Factor (TF) and Shoot Accumulation Factor (SAF) were determined to assess the tolerance strategies developed by these species and to evaluate their potential for phytoremediation purposes. The non-polluted soils had near neutral pH (6.8 ± 0.1), a great content of organic carbon (42 ± 4.0 g kg− 1) and a silt loamy texture. Soil and plant samples were taken at four locations (CA1, CA2, CA3, CA4) as well as the local reference topsoil (CA0). The range of total soil values in mg kg− 1 is as follows: As 280–1029; Cu 256–2070; Pb 3992–16,060 and Zn 11,550–28,059, respectively. Unusual elevated concentrations of Pb (over 1000 mg kg− 1) and TF greater than one were detected in shoots of six different plants species (Ageratina sp., Achyrocline alata (Kunth) DC., Cortaderia hapalotricha Pilg., Epilobium denticulatum Ruiz & Pav., Taraxacum officinale Weber and Trifolium repens Walter). Ageratina sp and E. denticulatum also showed elevated concentrations of Zn (over 10,000 mg kg− 1) and TF greater than one in some studied locations. However, the SAF was smaller than one. Controlled-environment studies must be performed to definitively confirm the Pb hyperaccumulation character of the cited plant species.