A multispecies birth–death–immigration process and its diffusion approximation

We consider an extended birth–death–immigration process defined on a lattice formed by the integers of d semiaxes joined at the origin. When the process reaches the origin, then it may jump toward any semiaxis with the same rate. The dynamics on each ray evolves according to a one-dimensional linear birth–death process with immigration. We investigate the transient and asymptotic behavior of the process via its probability generating function. The stationary distribution, when existing, is a zero-modified negative binomial distribution. We also study a diffusive approximation of the process, which involves a diffusion process with linear drift and infinitesimal variance on each ray. It possesses a gamma-type transient density admitting a stationary limit. As a byproduct of our study, we obtain a closed form of the number of permutations with a fixed number of components, and a new series form of the polylogarithm function expressed in terms of the Gauss hypergeometric function.