Repel the swarm to the optimum!

We improve the particle swarm optimization (PSO) by introducing the concept of the repellor. So far, the PSO algorithm is guided by the optimum of each particle and the optimum found by all the particles. We now add to the algorithm the location of the worst point found so far and location the worst point found by all the particles. These worst points have the property of repelling the particles to the local and the global optima, respectively. This way the PSO algorithm is improved in the sense that the swarm is able to locate the global optimum more rapidly. Empirical results are presented on archaeological data.