Schur–Agler and Herglotz–Agler classes of functions: Positive-kernel decompositions and transfer-function realizations

We discuss transfer-function realization for multivariable holomorphic functions mapping the unit polydisk or the right polyhalfplane into the operator analogue of either the unit disk or the right halfplane (Schur/Herglotz functions over either the unit polydisk or the right polyhalfplane) which satisfy the appropriate stronger contractive/positive real part condition for the values of these functions on commutative tuples of strict contractions/strictly accretive operators (Schur–Agler/Herglotz–Agler functions over either the unit polydisk or the right polyhalfplane). As originally shown by Agler, the first case (polydisk to disk) can be solved via unitary extensions of a partially defined isometry constructed in a canonical way from a kernel decomposition for the function (the lurking-isometry method). We show how a geometric reformulation of the lurking-isometry method (embedding of a given isotropic subspace of a Kreĭn space into a Lagrangian subspace—the lurking-isotropic-subspace method) can be used to handle the second two cases (polydisk to halfplane and polyhalfplane to disk), as well as the last case (polyhalfplane to halfplane) if an additional growth condition at ∞ is imposed. For the general fourth case, we show how a linear-fractional-transformation change of variable can be used to arrive at the appropriate symmetrized nonhomogeneous Bessmertnyĭ long-resolvent realization. We also indicate how this last result recovers the classical integral representation formula for scalar-valued holomorphic functions mapping the right halfplane into itself.