Present-day 3D deformation field of Northeast China, observed by GPS and leveling

:A broad view of present-day 3D deformation field around the Northeast China region was derived from GPS and leveling observations. We draw the following conclusions: First, the Northeast China region moved towards northwest with an average velocity of 5 mm/a, with respect to South China. The entire Northeast China region was in a low strain state from the strain rate field. Second, we proceesed two periods of firstorder leveling data in 1970s and 1990s, showing the vertical deformation of the Northeast China region is "uplift in western part and subsidence in eastern part".