Experimental modelling of flocculation processes-the case of Paraiba do Sul Estuary

The aggregation dynamics of fine sediments was analysed through laboratory tests using Couette and disk flocculators. It was shown that floc sizes tend to increase as concentrations grow both in fresh and salt water, in agreement with the aggregation theory, and that equilibrium diameters are slightly greater in salt environments for flocs developed either under shear stress or by differential sedimentation. Their transport and the aggregation processes were preliminarily studied in the estuary of the Paraíba do Sul River using a particle tracking model and field data. The floc breakup process by shear stress was included in the model. Yield stresses, which were determined by fractal dimensions and differential density, were accounted for. After the calibration of the collision efficiency coefficients, the numerical model was able to predict floc sizes comparable with those measured at the Paraíba do Sul estuary, which, in turn, were similar to those obtained during the laboratory experiments in the Couette flocculator.