Three-dimensional model of the deep geothermal resources in the Taupo–Reporoa Basin, New Zealand

•A 3D numerical model was set up to assess the deep geothermal resources within TRB.•Source of convective plumes was investigated.•Model investigates what controls the location of these multiple systems.•Both the geological structures and the nature of the deep heat source are important.

A numerical model of most of the Taupo–Reporoa Basin, an area within the Taupo Volcanic Zone, is discussed. The geothermal fields included in this model are: Atiamuri, Horohoro, Ngatamariki, Ohaaki, Ongaroto, Orakeikorako, Reporoa–Golden Springs, Te Kopia, Waiotapu–Waikite and part of Waimangu. The aim of this study is to investigate how the geological structure and the deep heat flow affect the locations and strengths of these fields. The model correctly predicts the locations of the geothermal plumes for the aforementioned fields, their surface heat discharges and the temperatures in the upflow zones at approximately 3 km depth.