Pan-African dextral transpressive duplex and flower structure in the Central Eastern Desert of Egypt

The NE–SW trending Mubarak shear belt in the Central Eastern Desert (CED) of Egypt records the structural features of a transpression regime. Structural interpretation of satellite data and field observations indicates the presence of two episodes of deformation. The less dominant D1 deformation is related to sinistral movement along NW–SE trending Wadi Abu Dabbab shear zone and formation of F1 tight to isoclinal non-cylindrical folds and thrust fan as a consequence of transpression. The thrust fan includes ESE- to SE-dipping thrusts in the ophiolitic mélange and S- to SSW-dipping thrusts in the northern part of the metagabbro–diorite complex. The transpression-related sinistral shear regime is superimposed by the dominant D2 dextral transpression along NE–SW trending Wadi El-Umra shear zone. This dextral shearing is characterized by development of NNE- to NE-trending S2 cleavage, strike-slip duplex, NNE- and NE-trending F2 folds, and NNW-directed thrusts. These two events represent a single progressive phase associated with sinistral transpressional deformation, which is related to a younger E–W shortening event. E–W directed shortening is due to oblique convergence between East and West Gondwana along the Mozambique belt. Transpressional structures in the NE–SW trending Mubarak–Barramiya shear belt indicate highly oblique convergence leading to wrench-dominated dextral transpression and development of a major flower structure between Wadi Mubarak and Hafafit dome occupying the whole width of the CED.