Carbonate-orthopyroxenite lenses from the Neoproterozoic Gerf ophiolite, South Eastern Desert, Egypt: The first record in the Arabian Nubian Shield ophiolites

Carbonate-orthopyroxenites (classic sagvandites) are reported in the Gerf ophiolite, South Eastern Desert, Egypt: the first finding from the Arabian Nubian Shield (ANS) ophiolites. They form massive lenses at the southern tip of the Gerf ophiolite, along the contact between the Shinai granite and Gerf serpentinized peridotites. The lenses show structural concordance with the neighboring country rocks and the granite contact. They consist mainly of metamorphic orthopyroxene + magnesite, among other metamorphic, relict primary and retrograde secondary minerals. Based only on chemistry, two types of carbonate-orthopyroxenites can be recognized, Types I (higher-Mg) and II (lower-Mg and higher-Fe).Field constraints, petrography and mineral chemistry indicate a metamorphic origin for the Gerf carbonate-orthopyroxenites. The euhedral form of relict primary chromian spinels combined with their high Cr#/low-TiO2 character, and absence of clinopyroxene suggest that the protolith for the Gerf carbonate-orthopyroxenites is a highly depleted mantle peridotite derived from a sub-arc setting.Contact metamorphism accompanied by CO2-metasomatism resulted in formation of the Gerf carbonate-orthopyroxenites during intrusion of the Shinai granite. The source of CO2-rich fluids is most likely the neighboring impure carbonate layers. Correlation of the carbonate-orthopyroxenite mineral assemblages with experimental data for the system MgO–SiO2–H2O–CO2 suggests metamorphic/metasomatic conditions of 520–560 °C, Pfluid = 2 kbar and extremely high XCO2XCO2 values (0.87–1).