Influence of sulfate and chloride ions on the geotechnical and microstructural properties of soils treated with hydraulic binders: Individual and coupling effects

For the considered soil, in the presence of one of these anions, in accelerated cure conditions, important volumetric swellings due to high concentrations in sulfate ions are the only disturbances observed. The co-addition of sulfate and chloride ions induces both important volumetric swellings and loss of indirect tensile strengths. Structural modifications are observed by scanning electron microscopy.