Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
4750554 | Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology | 2012 | 22 Pages |
Examination of over 700 fossil leaves from an early Miocene finely laminated lacustrine diatomite at Foulden Maar, near Middlemarch, Otago, New Zealand, provides evidence that a diverse subtropical Lauraceae-dominated evergreen forest once surrounded this small maar lake. Twenty-three million years ago, four leaf taxa with apparent affinities to Beilschmiedia, five with apparent affinities to Cryptocarya and one with apparent affinities to Litsea comprised 44% of the leaves preserved in a lacustrine rainforest growing on basalt- or schist-derived substrates, contributing leaves, flowers and fruits to the fossil deposit. Angiosperm and conifer pollen and macrofossils from numerous families present in the diatomite indicate a diverse rainforest flora (more or less equivalent to a modern simple notophyll vine forest from eastern Australia) growing under an apparently seasonally dry, mesothermal palaeoclimate on relatively nutrient-rich soils.
► Fossil Lauraceae growing near an Early Miocene New Zealand maar lake are described. ► The 10 species resemble Beilschmiedia (4), Cryptocarya (5) and Litsea (1). ► Litsea-like flowers and Beilschmiedia- and Cryptocarya-like fruits are present. ► The species richness indicates a sub-tropical to warm temperate palaeoclimate. ► Large fleshy fruits indicate animal (avian) dispersal in Miocene New Zealand.