Multiscale 3D finite-element modelling of the thermal conductivity of clay brick walls

One-third of all energy consumption in buildings is attributed to space heating and cooling. In this study, to improve the thermal insulation efficiency of brick walls, the effects of brick-cavity shape, brick length, mortar, and double walls on heat transfer through brick walls were examined using multiscale finite-element modelling. Concrete mortar increased the through-thickness thermal conductivity of the wall by nearly 30% and the use of insulating mortar reduced heat transfer by 29%. A double wall with an air gap has a 39% higher thermal insulation than does a single brick wall.