Municipal incinerated bottom ash characteristics and potential for use as aggregate in concrete

The use of municipal incinerated bottom ash (MIBA) as aggregate in concrete applications has been assessed through the analysis and evaluation of the globally published data. After appropriate pre-treatments, MIBA can be used as fine or coarse aggregate in mortar, concrete and blocks. Full-scale operations have been undertaken with success, mainly in blocks. MIBA lightweight aggregate had similar properties to Lytag, though with marginally lower strength. Concrete containing MIBA lightweight aggregate achieved low density, high consistence properties, with strengths just below Lytag mixes. Replacing sand in foamed concrete, MIBA mixes satisfied the high flowability, low strength requirements.