Highly efficient synthesis of dimethyl ether directly from biomass-derived gas over Li-modified Cu-ZnO-Al2O3/HZSM-5 hybrid catalyst

The addition of suitable amount of Li2O in the hybrid CuO-ZnO-Al2O3/HZSM-5 catalyst increased the metallic Cu surface area and adsorption capacity for H2 and CO, thus enhancing the activity for the direct synthesis of dimethyl ether from biomass-derived gas. Furthermore, the catalyst stability was also improved by effective inhibition of the crystallization of Cu and ZnO.144