Red-light running traffic violations: A novel time-based method for determining a fine structure

In 2016, the monetary fine for a red-light running (RLR) traffic violation varies widely in the U.S., with a fine of $50 in North Carolina and as much as $490 in California. Currently, a scientific method for determining the monetary fine based on the safety impacts associated with such violations does not exist, thereby causing disparities in fine structures. This study develops a novel fine structure for RLR traffic violations based upon the estimated economic impact of potential crashes by RLR violations and estimated delays caused by providing all-red intervals to prevent potential conflicts. A physical model is developed to determine the crash probability at a discrete time after the traffic signal turns red. The Highway Capacity Software is also employed to estimate additional delay incurred by road users. Considering that the use of red-light cameras is increasing in the nation, while it is often criticized as a revenue instrument, policymakers need to develop an objective fine structure that closely reflects the risk a RLR vehicle poses to other drivers.