Beyond plain acceptance or sheer resistance: A typology of university instructors' attitudes to students' media use in class

This study explores implicit and behavioural aspects of university instructors' attitudes to students' media use in class. Adopting a mixed-methods strategy, the qualitative phase consisted of three interviews, informing the development of a questionnaire used in the subsequent data collection phase. In the quantitative phase, 146 university instructors from a variety of countries participated in the survey. A hierarchical cluster analysis identified four groups of instructors in terms of implicit and behavioural attitudes to students' media use behaviour: critical-oppressor, aware-active, aware-passive, and enthusiast-welcoming.