Evaluating the ion transport characteristics of novel graphene oxide nanoplates entrapped mixed matrix cation exchange membranes in water deionization

Graphene oxide nanoplates (GONs) embedded mixed matrix polyvinylchloride based heterogeneous cation exchange membranes were prepared by solution casting. The effect of the concentration of GONs on the physico-chemical properties of the membrane was studied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and scanning optical microscopy (SOM) images showed a uniform particle distribution and a uniform surface for the modified membranes. Moreover, the cross-sectional SEM images showed a specific direction for GO nanoplates, perpendicular to the membrane surface. XRD patterns showed that the average particle size of was enhanced by increasing the GONs dosage. The surface hydrophilicity of the membranes was improved, and the water content was lower by increasing the GON content. The IEC of the membranes was enhanced from 1.15 to 1.40 meq/g by an increase of the GON concentration up to 0.5 wt% in the casting solution, and decreased by a further increase of the content of GONs. The membrane potential, transport number, selectivity and conductivity were improved by utilizing GONs. The ion permeability and flux decreased initially by using GONs up to 0.5 wt%, followed by a sharp increasing trend at higher concentrations of GONs.