Energy self-sufficient production of bioethanol from a mixture of hemp straw and triticale seeds: Life-cycle analysis

A 2000 m3 a−1 ethanol biorefinery requires a land use of 3 km2 each for hemp and for triticale. A total of 2630 kg ethanol and 150 kg hemp oil can be gained from 1 ha. Slurry and triticale straw serve as raw material for the biogas fermenter or as animal feed. Biogas supplies thermal and electric energy in combined heat and power. Ethanol will remain at 0.66 € dm−3 based on market prices. In addition, data have been calculated for market prices plus and minus 30% market prices (0.51-0.81 € dm−3). Carbon dioxide (CO2) abatement for ethanol achieves 121 g MJ−1 CO2eq for a combined ethanol/biogas plant. The CO2 abatement costs vary from 38 € to 262 € t−1 CO2eq.