Deep Learning vs. Wise Learning: A Critical and Challenging Overview

Learning is the most important thing that living creatures do. An organism cannot properly animate itself without first learning how to. Knowledge is the basis for all natural and human made systems. Using knowledge to model and control a complex dynamic system (CDS) is considered. Wisdom is carefully reviewed and related to knowledge. Deep Learning (DL) and Wise Learning (WL) are presented and analyzed as two approaches to address the challenging problem of modelling and controlling CDS. Strong and weak issues of both methods are discussed. Future research directions are provided.