Influence of tows waviness and anisotropy on effective Mode I fracture toughness of triaxially woven fabric composites

Tows waviness and anisotropy effects on effective Mode I fracture toughness, KIC, of triaxially woven fabric (TWF) composite were numerically and experimentally investigated. 2D isotropic Kagome, wavy isotropic, and wavy anisotropic TWF were modeled for various relative densities, crack lengths, and cell sizes, verification of which was ensured with experimental results. In general, KIC increases with relative density, the inverse of cell size, and crack length. Both waviness and anisotropy cause a drop in KIC, with a remarkable 76% of maximum knockdown in comparison to those without these effects. KIC reduction is observed to be highly sensitive to tows waviness. The influence of tows anisotropy on KIC reduction of TWF composites is somewhat minor, compared to TWF with wavy isotropic members.