Fabrication of two-dimensional special photonic crystals by symmetry-lost beam interference lithography

An optical interference holographic setup with a symmetry-lost five or four-beam configuration is used to obtain two-dimensional special photonic crystals. By altering beam configuration and polarization combinations, novel structures can be achieved, such as tai chi-like, tadpole-like, and flag-like patterns. The experimental results with SU8 photoresist are the same with simulation. Process of two-dimensional special photonic crystals could provide an effective guidance for experimental design and fabrication of other complex structures, and thereby, promote the development and applications of novel photonic crystals.