Modeling of Non-elastic Properties of Polymeric Foams Used in Sports Helmets

Personal protection equipment for the head used in various sporting disciplines must meet at least three fundamental criteria: safety, comfort and aesthetics. Safety is understood as protecting as much head area as possible and, in case of a crash, spreading the resultant forces over the maximum area and absorbing as much impact energy as possible. After the occurrence of non-elastic deformations, this energy is absorbed by the helmet shell and protective liner, most commonly made of polymeric foams. Non-elastic properties of the foams are evaluated with the use of descriptors of energy absorption capability.