Fully automatic segmentation of femurs with medullary canal definition in high and in low resolution CT scans

The proposed segmentation pipeline is accurate, robust and completely user free. The method is robust to patient orientation, image artifacts and poorly defined edges. The results excelled even in CT images with a significant slice thickness, i.e., above 5 mm. Medullary canal segmentation increases the geometric information that can be used in orthopedic surgical planning or in finite element analysis.