Bargaining on law and bureaucracies: A constitutional theory of development

► The process of development is linked to the rise of an integrated and competitive economy and polity that allow a maximal division of labor and innovation, which relies itself of the establishment of equal and extended rights to citizens. ► The establishment of the rule of law relies in particular on a movement of integration and hierarchization of, legal norms and courts. ► The development of a capable and impartial public bureaucracy is a prerequisite to implementing rights, including their translation into services delivered to citizens. ► Rights are appropriated by those who call for more autonomy, who claim for more firmly established and more extended rights in a vertical bargain with the rulers. ► The ruling elite can grant these rights to maintain its legitimacy and hence its recognized authority.