Article ID Journal Published Year Pages File Type
5119309 Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 2017 12 Pages PDF
Abstract
Both schemes lead to industry profit decline, the extent of which depend on the structure of the levy and market conditions. Since there is concern that the costs resulting from the policy will be passed from shipping companies to their customers along the supply chain, the paper dwells on how the costs arising from the enforcement of the levy will be actually allocated between ship-owners and operators, and cargo-owners. In a market characterised by high freight rates and with no or limited excess capacity, a higher percentage of the total tax amount is transferred from ship-owners to shippers. In case of a recession the opposite happens.
Related Topics
Life Sciences Environmental Science Environmental Science (General)
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