Temperature implementation for the Modular Upper Bound application in indentation processes

The indentation process is presented nowadays in the manufacturing industry as a forming process and not only as a hardening test. This new consideration is due to the incremental forming processes that are being developed and implemented. Previous studies present the Upper Bound Theorem as a suitable technique for the analysis of deformation processes. The indentation process is studied under the modular consideration of the Upper Bound Theorem. After the adaptation of the modular model to diverse study cases like the introduction of the hardening effect or different geometries of the punch, present work shows the implementation of the temperature effect. A Finite Element Analysis is carried out and compared with the results obtained with the analytical method. Results obtained show an accurate correlation between both methods, validating the modular model for the analysis of indentation processes considering temperature.