Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
5137702 | Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis | 2018 | 7 Pages |
Abstract
Amphetamine, methamphetamine, phentermine, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), and 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine (MDEA) are the most popular amphetamine-type stimulants. The use of these substances is a serious societal problem worldwide. In this study, a method based on gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) with simple and rapid liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and derivatization was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of the six aforementioned amphetamine derivatives in blood and urine. The detection of all compounds was based on multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions. The most important advantage of the method is the minimal sample volume (as low as 200 μL) required for the extraction procedure. The validation parameters, i.e., the recovery (90.5-104%), inter-day accuracy (94.2-109.1%) and precision (0.5-5.8%), showed the repeatability and sensitivity of the method for both matrices and indicated that the proposed procedure fulfils internationally established acceptance criteria for bioanalytical methods The procedure was successfully applied to the analysis of real blood and urine samples examined in 22 forensic toxicological cases. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work presenting the use of GC-MS/MS for the determination of amphetamine-type stimulants in blood and urine. In view of the low limits of detection (0.09-0.81 ng/mL), limits of quantification (0.26-2.4 ng/mL), and high selectivity, the procedure can be applied for drug monitoring in both fatal and non-fatal intoxication cases in routine toxicology analysis.
Keywords
dispersive liquid-liquid extractionPhentermineTFAAUNODCtetrahydrocannabinolATSMDMADLLMEMRMPEASPEMDALC-UVLLEMDEATHCSPMEHS-SPME3,4-méthylènedioxy-N-éthylamphétamineLOQ3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamineGC–MS/MSMS/MSAmphetamineTrifluoroacetic anhydrideSolid phase extractionLiquid-liquid extractionsolid-phase microextractionDrug analysisLOD یا Limit of detectionUnited Nations Office on Drugs and CrimeIon trap mass spectrometryMass spectrometryTandem mass spectrometryToxicological screeningPhenethylamineMethamphetaminelimit of quantificationlimit of detectionAmphetamine-type stimulantsBiological specimensquality control samplesPeak resolutionliquid chromatographyGas chromatography
Related Topics
Physical Sciences and Engineering
Chemistry
Analytical Chemistry
Authors
Mateusz Kacper Woźniak, Marek Wiergowski, Justyna Aszyk, PaweÅ Kubica, Jacek NamieÅnik, Marek Biziuk,