Analytical methodology for identification of novel per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the environment

Continuing regulatory scrutiny of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) has resulted in usage of fluorinated alternative products. Featured analytical methodologies are thus emerged recently for the identification of novel PFAS contaminants in environmental and biological matrices. In this review, protocols for tracing compositions of unidentified organofluorine components are summarized. Data-mining and chemical recognition techniques by high-resolution mass spectrometry are further overviewed. We also discuss knowledge gaps and future trends on separation and elucidation of emerging PFAS analogues with varied molecular structures.