Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
5141566 | TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry | 2017 | 53 Pages |
Abstract
This manuscript presents a critical discussion of the methods and techniques proposed for determining the sequence of crossing ink lines and their advantages, limitations and effectiveness are compared. Some trends are described, such as examination of physical features using optical and electron microscopy in the 60's and 70's, the use of the lifting technique in the 80's and the ESDA in the 90's. The year 2000 introduced chemical analysis with IR and Raman spectroscopy and also surface analysis with 3D laser Profilometry, for more objective examinations. The last decade has seen the application of the VSC and hyperspectral imaging, combined with chemometrics for automated, more informative and representative examinations. Nevertheless, interpretations remain visual and blind testing can be used for method validation. Some studies addressed some of the factors affecting the crossing of two ink lines but much of the physicochemical aspects remain uncomprehended and understudied.
Keywords
AFMFDESDILSCMESDAATR-FTIRFIBSERSMCREDXPLS-DANIRVSCPCATof-SIMSenergy dispersive x-rayUltravioletMANOVAFocused ion beamALSInk analysispartial least squares-discriminant analysismultivariate analysis of variancePrincipal component analysisanalysis of varianceANOVAAlternating least squaresIntersecting linesQuestioned documentsForensic chemistryTime-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass SpectrometrySurface-enhanced Raman spectroscopyInfraredNear infraredSEMScanning electron microscopyatomic force microscopyLaser scanning confocal microscopyMultivariate curve resolution
Related Topics
Physical Sciences and Engineering
Chemistry
Analytical Chemistry
Authors
LÃvia Rodrigues e Brito, Angêlica Rocha Martins, André Braz, Amanda Belém Chaves, Jez Willian Braga, Maria Fernanda Pimentel,