ZnO nanostructures based biosensors for cancer and infectious disease applications: Perspectives, prospects and promises

Different techniques for the effective bio-functionalization of one-dimensional (1D) ZnO nanostructures, are presented in this review. figure demonstrates 1D sub 100 nm nanopatterned ZnO nanowires. Organic functionalities of ZnO nanobelts enhance the optoelectronic and electrical properties. Biomolecules such as human serum albumin, bovine serum albumin, angiotensin II and DNA molecules have been effectively immobilized by modifying the surface of 1D ZnO nanostructures. ZnO nanostructures are increasingly being studied for advanced biological applications such as cancer, infectious diseases, cellular biocompatibility, fluorescence detection, mammalian cell biosafety, biosensor applications, and adhesion. This review focusses and presents a summative view on ZnO nanostructures with special emphasis on its applications in the pursuit of improving human life.