Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
5156608 | Carbohydrate Polymers | 2017 | 42 Pages |
Abstract
Silver linden flowers contain different pectins (PSI-PSIII) with immunomodulating properties. PSI is a low-esterified pectic polysaccharide with predominant homogalacturonan region, followed by rhamnogalacturonan I (RGI) with arabinogalactan II and RGII (traces) domains. PSII and PSIII are unusual glucuronidated RGI polymers. PSIII is a unique high molecular weight RGI, having almost completely O-3 glucuronidated GalA units with >30% O-3 acetylation at the Rha units. Linden pectins induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NO generation from non-stimulated whole blood phagocytes and macrophages, resp., but suppressed OZP-(opsonized zymosan particles)-activated ROS generation, LPS-induced iNOS expression and NO production. This dual mode of action suggests their anti-inflammatory activity, which is known for silver linden extracts. PSI expressed the highest complement fixation and macrophage-stimulating activities and was active on intestinal Peyer's patch cells. PSIII was active on non-stimulated neutrophils, as it induced Ã2-integrin expression, revealing that acetylated and highly glucuronidated RGI exhibits immunomodulating properties via phagocytes.
Keywords
CD18HBSSiNOSSRBCphorbol 12-myristate 13-acetateIC50DSSfMLPCD62Larabinogalactan type IIWBPN-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanineAGIILPSPBSnuclear magnetic resonanceBSAPMAROSKDObovine serum albuminFourier transform infraredNMRdegree of acetylationdegree of methoxylationinducible nitric oxide synthaseFTIRAnti-inflammatory activitylactate dehydrogenaseLDHLipopolysaccharidesHank’s buffered salt solutionPhosphate-buffered salineNeutrophilsChemiluminescenceNitric oxidehomogalacturonanPectinPeyer’s patchessheep red blood cellsReactive oxygen species
Related Topics
Physical Sciences and Engineering
Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
Authors
Yordan N. Georgiev, Berit S. Paulsen, Hiroaki Kiyohara, Milan Ciz, Manol H. Ognyanov, Ondrej Vasicek, Frode Rise, Petko N. Denev, Antonin Lojek, Tsvetelina G. Batsalova, Balik M. Dzhambazov, Haruki Yamada, Reidar Lund, Hilde Barsett, Albert I. Krastanov,