Material propertiesPoly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene succinate)/calcium sulfate whiskers biodegradable blends prepared by vane extruder: Analysis of mechanical properties, morphology, and crystallization behavior

Ternary blends of PLA/PBS/CSW with different weight fractions were prepared using a vane extruder. The mechanical properties, morphology, crystallization behavior and thermal stability of the blends were investigated. For the PLA/CSW blend, the tensile strength decreased, the flexural strength and modulus increased compared with pure PLA. For PBS, the addition of CSW had little influence on the mechanical properties. For the ternary blends PLA/PBS/CSW, the tensile strength, flexural strength and modulus decreased compared with pure PLA, while the elongation at break and the impact strength increased significantly. The brittle-ductile transition of the blends took place when the PBS weight fraction reaching 30 wt%. As a soft component in the blends, PBS was beneficial to improve the tensile ductility and the toughness of PLA. SEM measurements reveal that PLA/PBS/CSW blends were immiscible. When the weight fraction of PBS was 50 wt%, significant phase separation was observed, and CSW had preferential location in the PBS phase of the blend. DSC measurement and POM observation reveal that CSW had a heterogeneous nucleation effect on PLA and PBS matrix. The addition of PBS improved the crystallization of PLA and the thermal resistance of the PLA/PBS/CSW blends significantly.