Polyaniline nanostructures and the role of aniline oligomers in their formation

The nanostructures produced by other conducting polymers, especially by substituted PANI, polypyrrole, or poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) are also considered. Two potential extensions to the preparation of related materials, such as nitrogen-containing carbonized PANI nanostructures or the composites of conducting polymers with noble metals are outlined. The present review accounts for the latest development in the realm of PANI nanostructures in past few years and provides an upgrade in the models proposed for their formation.