Shape memory polybenzoxazines based on polyetheramine

Five difunctional benzoxazines were synthesized from polyetheramine, phenol, o-allylphenol, o-cresol, p-cresol, m-cresol, and formaldehyde. The substituent groups decrease the ring-opening polymerization to present the ascending order of meta-, para-, and ortho-positions in comparison to the unsubstituted phenol-based benzoxazines. The dynamic mechanical properties of the resultant polybenzoxazines depend on the structure of the starting phenols. The polybenzoxazines exhibit one-way dual-shape memory behavior in response to changes in temperature, and the shape memory effects are evaluated by tensile stress-strain and bending tests with a temperature programme based on glass transition temperature.