Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from reedy grass leaves by chemical activation with H3PO4

Activated carbons were produced from reedy grass leaves by chemical activation with H3PO4 in N2 atmosphere and their characteristics were investigated. The effects of activation temperature and time were examined. Adsorption capacity was demonstrated with BET and iodine number. Micropore volume and pore size distribution of activated carbons were characterized by N2 adsorption isotherms. The surface area and iodine number of the activated carbons produced at 500 °C for 2 h were 1474 m2/g and 1128 mg/g, respectively. Thermal decomposition of pure reedy grass leaves and H3PO4-impregnated reedy grass leaves have been investigated with thermogravimetric/mass spectroscopy (TG-MS) technique. It was found that the temperature and intensity of maximum evolution of H2O and CO2 of H3PO4-impregnated reedy grass leaves were lower than that of pure reedy grass leaves. This implies that H3PO4 as an activating reagent changed the thermal degradation of the reedy grass leaves, stabilized the cellulose structure, leading to a subsequent change in the evolution of porosity. The results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier-infrared spectroscopy analysis indicate that the produced activated carbons have rich functional groups on surface.