Alkali metal adsorption on Ge(0 0 1)-c(2 × 4) surface: 0.25 monolayer of Na, K, Rb and Cs

Alkali metals on Ge(0 0 1) surface reveal different adsorption energy depending on the initial substrate reconstruction and the adsorption site. The theoretical analysis of adsorption of 0.25 monolayer of alkali metals (Na, K, Rb and Cs) on Ge(0 0 1)-c(2 × 4) surface is presented. Stable adsorption sites are found and adsorption energy, atomic and electronic structures are given. The simulated STM images are also presented for the discussed adsorbed surface structures.