Thermal stability of atomic-layer-deposited ultra-thin niobium oxide film on Si (1Â 0Â 0)

► Ultra-thin Nb2O5 films with excellent uniformity have been grown on Si (1 0 0) by atomic-layer-deposition using Nb(OC2H5)5 and H2O precursors. ► The ultra-thin (∼3 nm) Nb2O5 film is gradually built up into distributed large islands with increasing rapid thermal annealing (RTA) temperature. Both crystalline and amorphous phases are formed in the matrix of Nb2O5 annealed at 700 °C. ► In terms of the as-prepared sample, an around 1.5 nm interfacial layer (IL) is observed and composed of niobium silicate (Nb-O-Si). The high temperature RTA leads to a thickened IL, which is attributed to the formation of more Nb-O-Si bonds and new silicon oxide (Si-O-Si) adjacent to the Si (1 0 0).